Skip to content

Protocol Parameters

The TRON network utilizes a decentralized governance model where elected Super Representatives manage critical protocol parameters including transaction fees and staking rewards. This reference provides the canonical values for network limits, resource rates, and core system behaviors.

The TRON network is governed through a decentralized Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism. Instead of relying on a centralized authority, 27 elected Super Representatives (SRs) are responsible for maintaining the network and proposing adjustments to its operations. Through this governance model, SRs can vote to dynamically adjust active network parameters—such as transaction fees, resource rates, and staking rewards—to adapt to the evolving needs of the ecosystem.

This page provides a canonical reference for these dynamically governed values, alongside intrinsic system limits (such as block size, finality, and bandwidth byte costs) which are base protocol behaviors rather than voted parameters.


ParameterValueNotes
Block time~3 secondsTarget; may vary slightly
Block size2 MBMaximum
Blocks per day~28,800At 3-second block time
Finality~19 blocks~57 seconds
Consensus mechanismDPoSDelegated Proof-of-Stake
Active block producers27Super Representatives
Epoch6 hoursVoting cycle duration (7,200 blocks)
Maintenance period~6 secondsGovernance event at end of each Epoch

ParameterValueNotes
Block reward8 TRXPer block, to the producing SR
Vote reward128 TRXPer block, distributed to top 127 SRs by vote share
Total daily TRX issuance~3,916,800 TRXBlock + vote rewards at 28,800 blocks/day
SR candidate deposit9,999 TRXRequired to register as an SR candidate

These rates adjust based on network-wide staking ratios and governance votes.

ParameterApproximate ValueNotes
Bandwidth cost: TRX transfer~267 BandwidthVaries with transaction byte size
Bandwidth cost: TRC-10 transfer~275 BandwidthVaries with transaction byte size
Free Bandwidth per account600 points/dayRecovers linearly over 24 hours
TRX burn rate for Bandwidth1,000 BW / TRXFixed protocol parameter
Energy cost: USDT transfer~64,895 EnergyFor standard Tether USDT transfer
Energy cost: SunSwap V2 swap~150,000–300kVaries by route complexity
TRX burn rate for Energy100 sun / EnergyGovernance-controlled (~10,000 Energy per TRX)
Total Network Energy180,000,000,000Daily energy capacity across the network

ParameterValueNotes
Account activation cost1 TRXBurned when activating a new address
Account permission update100 TRXRequired for multisig or key rotation
Multisig transaction fee1 TRXBurned when executing a multi-signature transaction
Token creation fee1,024 TRXFee to issue a new TRC-10 token
Proposal threshold19 votesMinimum SR votes to pass a proposal
Proposal duration3 daysStandard duration for SR voting
Witness registration cost9,999 TRXTo become an SR Candidate

ParameterValueNotes
Max Fee Limit15,000 TRXMaximum TRX that can be burned for Energy per transaction
Max CPU Time80 msMaximum execution time allowed for a single transaction

ParameterValueNotes
TRON Power ratio1 TP per 1 TRXRegardless of resource allocation
Minimum freeze duration14 daysBefore unstake can be initiated
Unstake waiting period14 daysBefore TRX is withdrawable
Delegation minimum lock3 daysResources locked for 3 days after delegation